Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents are vulnerable to the ongoing opioid overdose epidemic in the United States. To minimize pediatric patients' exposure to opioids, efforts are underway to reduce opioid prescriptions after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) for supracondylar humerus fractures. Standardized pain management protocols preferentially using opioid-free analgesics are reported to be effective in managing postoperative pain and limiting the utilization of opioids. This study compares retrospective data collected before and after the implementation of a standardized postoperative pain management protocol at a large academic children's hospital. The primary aim of this study was to compare opioid prescription patterns during the 2 periods. The secondary aim of the study was to determine the effect of the protocol on minimizing prescription errors. METHODS: This Institutional Review Board-approved study was a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent CRPP for supracondylar humerus fractures between January 2019 and December 2021. A control cohort of patients treated before the implementation of a department-approved pain management protocol was compared with a cohort of patients treated after the implementation of a standardized postoperative pain management protocol. We compared the number of opioid prescriptions provided to patients before and after the implementation of the protocol. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to evaluate prescribing patterns. RESULTS: After the implementation of the standardized pain medication control protocol, we observed a successful decrease in pediatric patients receiving postoperative opioids from 49.6% to 13.6% and in opioid prescribing errors from 38.6% to 12.5%. In addition, there was reduced variability in the type of narcotics prescribed. After the protocol's implementation, the most common combination of medication prescribed for postoperative pain control was acetaminophen and ibuprofen (69.5%). The chi-square test demonstrated no significant association between postoperative opioid prescription and fracture classification or length of stay. CONCLUSION: Opioid prescription patterns for postoperative pain management after CRPP for supracondylar humerus fractures were highly variable before the introduction of a standardized pain management protocol. The introduction of the standardized guideline effectively decreased the number of opioids prescribed at discharge, resulted in fewer opioid prescribing errors, and reduced variability in prescribing patterns among providers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-retrospective case series.