Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a prominent endocrine-disrupting compound that shares structural similarities with estrogen. It is widely used, particularly in the production of food packaging, canned goods, and dental sealants. Of the eight bisphenol analogues, BPA is the most frequently utilized chemical in packaging food items, canned foods and dental sealants. However, chronic exposure to BPA can pose severe health risks, particularly in children. To ensure public safety, it is crucial to adopt proper precautionary measures to minimize BPA exposure. This article explores the toxic effects of bisphenols on various body systems and mechanisms, shedding light on their impact on the reproductive and endocrine system, obesity, albuminuria, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Understanding the detrimental effects of bisphenols on these systems and mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to mitigate their harmful consequences. Furthermore, the article delves into the biotransformation processes of bisphenols, focusing on their occurrence in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and microorganisms. Investigating the biotransformation pathways provides valuable insights into the fate of bisphenols in various organisms and ecosystems. Lastly, the article emphasizes preventive measures to avoid bisphenol exposure and highlights the potential use of plant-based bioactive compounds for treatment strategies. By implementing effective preventive measures, such as utilizing BPA-free products and adopting safer alternatives, individuals can reduce their exposure to bisphenols. Additionally, exploring the potential of plant-based bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents offers promising avenues for addressing the adverse effects of bisphenols. The findings presented herein contribute to a better understanding of the novelty, significance, and potential implications of bisphenol research in the field, aiding in the development of safer practices and interventions to safeguard public health.