Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Caring efficacy is a core nursing concept, but its application in nursing practice remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the meaning and attributes of caring efficacy among nursing students, defined caring efficacy in this context, and identified the substantive constituents of the concept. METHODS: This hybrid study analyzed and compared data from a literature review and in-depth interviews with students in the clinical practice stage of a nursing program, according to the model suggested by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. RESULTS: The results revealed five attributes of nursing caring efficacy and 17 indicators across two dimensions. Considering the attributes identified in theoretical work and fieldwork, this study defined nursing students' care efficiency based on their "qualifications and personality for caring" as "self-confidence in caring capabilities," rooted in their "growth through caring experience" and the conditions of their "educational environment for learning caring and social support." CONCLUSION: The findings could guide the development of nursing caring efficacy scales. Future studies should explore caring efficacy among professional and student nurses in various clinical fields.