Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate potential factors, especially early-life exposures, associated with endometrioma (OMA) and/or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in Chinese women. METHODS: This is a subgroup analyses of the FEELING study, which was a case-control study that investigated the clinical, lifestyle, and environmental factors associated with OMA and/or DIE in China, Russia, and France. In this subgroup analysis, the data for the Chinese participants were further analyzed using logistic regression model. RESULTS: All women (N = 546) had fully completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 31.8 (range: 18-41) years. Univariable analysis showed that noncyclic chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea intensity class, and whether breastfed during infancy were distributed differently between patients with OMA or DIE and those with no endometriosis (non-EM) or superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SUP; P < .05). Multivariable analysis revealed that not having been breastfed was a protective factor against OMA and DIE (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.69). Further analysis indicated not having been breastfed was a protective factor for DIE compared with non-EM (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02-0.88) and with OMA + SUP (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04-0.85) but was not a protective factor for OMA compared with non-EM (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.32-1.36) and with SUP (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.31-1.30). CONCLUSION: This is the first study suggesting that not having been breastfed might protect against DIE in Chinese women.