Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma glucose profiles and periodontal disease (PD) severity in men and women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study, enrolling all eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who regularly visited the outpatient department. RESULTS: Patients were divided into severe and non-severe PD groups. The severe PD group showed a male predominance and significantly higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than the non-severe PD group. The optimal HbA1c cutoff value on the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting severe PD was 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] (sensitivity, 52%; specificity, 73%; P = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-6.34; P = 0.01) and higher HbA1c levels (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.42-6.70; P < 0 .01) were independently and significantly associated with the presence of severe PD. The prevalence rates of severe PD in patients with HbA1c levels < 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] and HbA1c levels ≥ 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] were 17.4% and 53.3% in women, and 50.0% and 66.7% in men, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Men with T2DM had a high risk of severe PD independent of HbA1c levels. Plasma glucose management may be crucial for maintaining periodontal health in T2DM patients, particularly in women.