Abstract
To examine the effects of the average daily ambient temperature and treatment days on the outcomes of patients with nocturnal enuresis (NE), a common urinary symptom in children. The panel data of 19 children with NE (12 boys and 7 girls; median age: 9 years; age range: 6-15) were prospectively collected (up to 1,469 days; total number of records: 3194). NE status (presence of incontinence), treatment type, and weather-related variables (ambient temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, and barometric pressure) were recorded. Factor analyses were subsequently performed using a generalized additive model (GAM). Among the patient features, treatment type, and weather-related variables, the average daily ambient temperature and treatment days were identified as risk factors for NE. Specifically, NE risk increased with an average daily ambient temperature of < 16.7 °C and decreased with a daily average ambient temperature of > 20.1 °C. An inverse correlation between NE risk and treatment days was observed in all cases. Notably, long-term treatment of approximately ≥ 1465 days significantly reduced the NE risk, despite repeated exacerbations. The average daily ambient temperature and treatment days affect the risk of NE.