Abstract
CONTEXT: Endothelial dysfunction has been suggested as a potential mechanism by which ambient air pollution may cause acute cardiovascular events. Recently, plasma nitrite has been developed as a marker of endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: We examined the changes in plasma nitrite concentration associated with increases in ambient air pollutant concentrations in the previous 7 d. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We linked up to three measurements of plasma nitrite concentrations obtained from 49 students to 24-h average concentrations of five criteria air pollutants [particle mass < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and ozone (O₃)] measured at two monitoring sites closest to Rutgers University campus (6-15 miles) in New Jersey during the years 2006-2009. We examined the change in plasma nitrite associated with each interquartile-range (IQR) increase in pollutant concentration in the previous 24 h and six preceding 24- h periods, using linear mixed models. RESULTS: IQR increases in mean PM(2.5) (7.0 µg/m³) and CO (161.7 parts per billion) concentrations in the first 24 h before the plasma nitrite measurement were associated with increased plasma nitrite concentrations (PM(2.5): 15.5 nanomolar; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4, 28.5; CO: 15.6 nanomolar; 95% CI: 2.4, 28.9). Increased plasma nitrite associated with IQR increases in O₃ and SO₂ concentrations over longer lags were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Rapid increases in plasma nitrite following exposure to ambient air pollutants support the hypothesis that ambient air pollution is associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated systemic inflammation in humans.