Abstract
Omentum transplantation has emerged as a versatile and effective technique across various surgical disciplines due to its unique properties of immunological surveillance, anti-inflammatory effects, and wound healing promotion. In breast cancer surgeries, it has been utilized to manage locoregional issues and immediate reconstruction, providing satisfactory cosmetic outcomes and minimal complications, particularly in patients who had previously undergone irradiation. For esophageal cancer, omental reinforcement has significantly reduced anastomotic leak rates and postoperative complications, supporting its use in esophagectomy and complex cardiothoracic surgeries. In gynecological surgeries, the use of omental flaps has shown excellent results in neovaginal reconstruction following pelvic exenteration, offering distinct advantages over myocutaneous flaps by reducing morbidity and preserving sexual function. Additionally, omental transposition has proven beneficial in reducing surgical morbidity following radical abdominal hysterectomy and in managing vaginal cuff dehiscence through vaginal approaches. Robotic-assisted omental flap harvesting has enhanced precision and reduced complications in reconstructive surgeries, making it a promising minimally invasive approach in regenerative surgery and complex reconstructions, such as for facial skeleton reconstruction. The omentum has also been beneficial in laparoscopic procedures for pudendal nerve decompression and in managing thoracic aortic graft infections, demonstrating its versatility and effectiveness in various clinical settings. These studies collectively highlight the omentum's significant role in improving surgical outcomes, reducing complications, and enhancing the quality of life for patients, solidifying its place as a valuable tool in modern surgical practice. This article provides a comprehensive narrative review of omentum transplantation in oncology, discussing its current applications and future potential as a standard treatment modality.