Abstract
The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) offers new opportunities for providing health information to patients. In this study, we examined the contrasting effects that communication innovation through ICTs can bring in the care of patients with chronic diseases and the health promotion of medical consumers. We also discussed how disparities in information technology usage, based on socioeconomic status, affect the information gap and health inequalities among medical consumers. ICTs have democratized health information, but the information gap persists and can deepen health inequality. Communication inequality manifests in access to technology, information processing, attention to health information, information seeking, and health outcomes. Significant differences in health communication behaviors exist according to social class. Social disparities in technology access and usage contribute to the information gap, which ultimately leads to different health levels. Communication innovation through ICT has both positive and negative effects on managing chronic diseases. Positively, it democratizes information generation and consumption, enabling patients to interact with healthcare providers and peers for support and advice. Negatively, an abundance of medical information can cause cognitive overload. To maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects, efforts should focus on promoting ICTs in healthcare, enhancing patients' decision-making abilities, and addressing communication inequality. Healthcare institutions must provide consistent, high-quality information, and governments should support underserved populations' access to information, ensuring that ICTs contribute to improved health outcomes.