Abstract
BACKGROUND: Digital health has emerged as a transformative force in modern health care systems; these systems have witnessed a surge in technological innovations and solutions over the past 2 to 3 decades. Some studies have provided overviews of keywords and journals that shed light on the current state of digital health research, and there is an increasing focus on this field of study, even in the literature on business, management, and managerial challenges. Papers and reviews are needed on challenges in digital health related to organization, management, and adoption of technological innovations, as there are currently no formal analyses or structured reviews. OBJECTIVE: Given the existing focus of the business and management literature on digital health, there is a need to unravel managerial challenges in digital health. By highlighting foundational themes and challenges in management science for digital health, our objective is to contribute nuanced insights into influential studies and the structure of knowledge in this interdisciplinary domain. METHODS: To delineate the evolving landscape of digital health management and highlight the main challenges, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Our analysis considered peer-reviewed, English-language papers or reviews in the management field that focused on digital health or closely related concepts. To better understand the dataset, we conducted a performance analysis. Then, we created a co-citation network using BibExcel and analyzed it by clustering the papers using the Louvain algorithm in Gephi. RESULTS: Of 1186 papers about digital health or closely related concepts published between 1994 and 2022, 520 (43.8%) were included in the co-citation network and 468 (39.5%) were placed in 4 significant clusters (>1% of the total number of nodes). The mere existence of the clusters shows that different managerial challenges have distinct research communities. The 4 clusters were (1) user adoption and engagement in mHealth, (2) adoption and trust in mHealth services, (3) digital transformation in health care, and (4) implementation challenges and ethical considerations. There are interdependent managerial challenges in digital health, and a dynamic literature review provides a more precise understanding of what is at stake (eg, adoption studies) and upcoming challenges (eg, ethical considerations). CONCLUSIONS: Our co-citation analysis unveiled evolving themes in the literature on digital health management. The exploration of clusters suggested dynamic shifts related to ethical considerations, health care organizations, and societal acceptance. We encourage further research on these topics and exploration of the intricate facets of the literature on digital health management. We hope that this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the literature and will provide researchers insights into the principal challenges and unidentified gaps, such as the novel cluster on ethics, or the need for intercluster research to create links between research communities.