Abstract
BACKGROUND: The hyperpronation (HP) maneuver, known for its high success rate in reducing radial head subluxation after initial treatment failure, has gained significant favor among surgeons over the traditional supination-flexion (SF) maneuver. Despite its perceived advantages, the optimal treatment approach remains a topic of debate in the medical community due to uncertainties surrounding repeat and crossover reduction outcomes. Further research and clinical assessments are needed to establish a definitive treatment protocol ensuring optimal patient outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the efficacy of HP and SF maneuvers following unsuccessful initial treatments for radial head subluxation. METHODS: A thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to May 13, 2024 was conducted. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool evaluated study quality, and RevMan 5.3 facilitated systematic review calculations. Subgroup analyses explored reasons for heterogeneity by considering second reduction attempts with crossover and repeat maneuvers. Sensitivity analyses using fixed and random effects models were performed for ambiguous decisions. RESULTS: Nine studies with 170 patients were analyzed. The success rate for the second reduction was significantly higher with HP (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.20, P = 0.02) compared to SF. Repeat maneuver success rate for the second reduction also favored HP (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.57 to 9.16, P<0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the success rate of the crossover maneuver for the second reduction (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.16 to 3.47, P = 0.71). CONCLUSION: The initial reduction method was unclear, possibly favoring HP over SF following initial treatment failure for radial head subluxation in children. When the initial reduction technique is clear, the choice between HP and SF for second reduction can be adjusted based on the physician's proficiency in the method and the patient's cooperation.