Abstract
Phthirus pubis infestation is a highly infectious parasitic disease, affecting 1.3-4.6% of people globally. However, the coinfestation of P. pubis on the eyelashes and scalp hairs in children is uncommon, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis have not been fully studied. In this retrospective study, we report five pediatric patients diagnosed with eyelash and scalp coinfestation of P. pubis. The samples were obtained after treatment and sent for pathological examination. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants were analyzed in detail. Numerous lice and nits were detectable on the eyelashes and scalp hairs in all enrolled patients. The ages ranged from 2 to 5 years. The duration of onset ranged from 3 to 10 days. The common clinical presentations were itching (100%) and conjunctivitis (60%). Treatment included eyelash and scalp hair trimming to the root (100%) and mechanical removal of the parasites (100%), in addition to topical tobramycin eye ointment (100%) and phenothrin shampoo (80%). Symptoms resolved by a 1-week follow-up. Pediatric P. pubis coinfestation mainly occurs on the eyelashes and temporal scalp in females, and sometimes contact tracing fails to identify the source. Phthirus pubis infestation of eyelashes can be misdiagnosed as blepharoconjunctivitis. Sexually transmitted diseases should be ruled out for patients with P. pubis infestation. Untreated or persistent cases may lead to several serious infections.