Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in immune regulation, and a common miRNA-146a polymorphism (rs2910164) increased the odds of falciparum malaria in pregnant African women. Here, we examined whether this association holds true in a different population, that is, 449 mainly male and adult malaria patients and 666 community controls in southwestern India. Plasmodium vivax malaria (67%) predominated over falciparum malaria (11%) and mixed species infections (22%). Overall, 59% of the study participants carried the miRNA-146a polymorphism. However, it was not associated with the odds of malaria, irrespective of parasite species. This underlines the importance of considering the complexities of clinical manifestations of malaria, genetic background, and parasite species when disentangling the role of human genetic variation, including those of miRNAs in malaria.