Abstract
Electrochemical CO(2) electrolyzers are increasingly recognized for their potential to convert CO(2) into valuable chemical feedstocks, addressing critical environmental and economic challenges. Traditionally, the catalytic properties of the cathode, where CO(2)RR directly occurs, have been the main focus of research due to their control over product selectivity. More recently, however, membrane-based electrolyzers-commonly used in fuel cells and water electrolyzers-have shown substantial potential for commercial CO(2) reduction, offering improved scalability and efficiency. Nevertheless, the complex components in membrane-based electrolyzers require precise optimization, as each unit directly impacts system performance and product selectivity. In this review, the structures and components of membrane-based CO(2) electrolyzers are systematically examined, including the electrolyzer design, flow channels, membranes, electrolytes, CO(2) supply units, and electrodes. Recent innovations in the optimization of these components are highlighted to provide insights into advancing CO(2)RR technology toward commercially feasible applications. This approach can assist considerably in improving the CO(2)RR electrolyzer performance, thereby helping predict optimal pathways for commercial realization and guide future development.