Abstract
Artisanal Minas cheese (QMA) is traditionally elaborate using raw milk and endogenous ferment (pingo - whey or rala - grated ripened cheese). In the present study, 91 yeast strains were isolated and identified from pingo and rala. Eight yeast species were identified by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. The yeasts' protease and lipase activities were evaluated in addition to probiotic properties such as tolerance to low pH and bile salts, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, co-aggregation with pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility. The rala ferment showed a greater variety of species. Yarrowia lipolytica was the dominant specie (52.7% of isolates), followed by the Kluyveromyces lactis and Kodamaea ohmeri (9.9 and 6.6%, respectively). From the total yeasts evaluated, 74 strains showed positive enzymatic activity: 52 strains showed lipolytic (51 Y. lipolytica and one Trichosporon japonicum) and 44 proteolytic activities (18 Y. lipolytica, 13 K. ohmeri, 11 K. lactis, and 2 Wickerhamiella sp.). All evaluated isolates demonstrated tolerance to pH 2.0, and 69 isolates supported the presence of bile salts. From them, 12 isolates showed the capacity of autoaggregation (> 30%) and hydrophobicity (> 90.0%) and were then selected for co-aggregation and antibiotic resistance assays. All selected isolates showed co-aggregation with Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes greater than 30%. None of the yeast showed sensibility to the evaluated antibiotics and antagonistic activity against the evaluated pathogens. The results demonstrated that pingo and rala have different yeast composition with different enzymatic activity, which may affect the characteristics of the cheese. Furthermore, some yeast strains: Y. lipolytica (9 strains isolated from rala) and K. ohmeri (3 strains isolated from pingo) demonstrated attractive probiotic potential.