Abstract
A diverse family of metal oxide (MO (x) )-integrated conducting polymer (CP) composites with special physicochemical properties can be used in a variety of cutting-edge technologies. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis approaches for these hybrid composites, focusing on the synergistic integration of metal oxides with CPs to enhance their structural framework as well their electrical and catalytic properties. The multifunctional applications of these materials are explored, particularly in the areas of biomedical sensing, energy retention modules, and water splitting technologies. In biomedical applications, the hybrid composites demonstrate remarkable potential for fabricating sensors with superior sensitivity and selectivity for disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. In the realm of energy storage, these materials exhibit enhanced charge storage capacities, improved cycling stability, and excellent performance in supercapacitors. Additionally, the catalytic properties of metal oxide-conducting polymer hybrids make them promising candidates for efficient water splitting, addressing the increasing need for sustainable energy innovations. This review highlights the current advancements, hurdles, and future directions for the advancement of these multifunctional hybrid materials.