Abstract
Recognizing the impact of mathematical learning difficulties on student achievement, this research focuses on developing adaptive, technology-based solutions for those struggling with learning mathematics, including individuals with dyscalculia. Dyscalculia, a difficulty in understanding numbers and mathematics, can profoundly affect a child's academic progress and self-confidence. Many interventions aim for broad effectiveness but often struggle to address individual learning differences. This research addresses this gap by employing Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) within intelligent tutoring systems to develop a personalized, gamified approach for improving mathematical skills in children with dyscalculia. We assessed 158 children aged 6-10 years using the Smartick Dyscalculia Assessment Tool to identify specific numerical cognition deficits. Based on these assessments, we have developed EDSense (Early Detection and Intervention for Insufficient Number Sense), an adaptive web-based learning tool. EDSense provides personalized support and targets skill refinement in mathematics learning. A pre-test and post-test design evaluates EDSense's effectiveness and demonstrates significant improvements in numerical abilities. The findings highlight the crucial role of adaptive learning platforms in addressing dyscalculia. The EDSense platform demonstrates gamified, self-directed learning environments to enhance both engagement and learning outcomes by accommodating individual cognitive differences. We have proposed a technology-driven framework for personalized dyscalculia interventions, emphasizing early detection to support mathematical skill development.