Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of accelerometer-based pedometers placed on the wrist, waist, and shoe's midsole during walking, running, and stair climbing. Twenty healthy adults were recruited. Steps were recorded by the pedometers and visually assessed from simultaneously recorded video to evaluate the accuracy of each pedometer in different locations of attachment. One week later, steps were recorded again by the pedometers only to evaluate the reliability of each pedometer in different locations of attachment. The wrist-worn pedometer presented significantly greater error scores compared to the midsole-worn pedometer during walking (p < 0.001), running (p = 0.006), and stair climbing (p = 0.003). Additionally, mean absolute precent error and Bland-Altman plots indicated that the pedometer worn in the midsole was most accurate for running and stair climbing, followed by waist-worn and wrist-worn pedometers. Furthermore, the midsole-worn and waist-worn pedometers showed strong reliability during walking and running, but only the midsole-worn pedometer presented acceptable reliability during stair climbing. The pedometer's position impacts the accuracy and reliability of step counts, especially for walking and stair climbing. Embedding the pedometer into the midsole seems an effective approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of step counts.