Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, have emerged as significant health challenges among urban low-income populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 adults residing in urban low-income areas across three metropolitan cities. Data were collected through structured interviews and health screenings. Key variables assessed included dietary patterns, physical activity levels, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression to determine the association between lifestyle factors and the presence of NCDs, with adjustments made for confounding factors such as age, gender, and education level. RESULTS: Of the 500 participants, 47% were diagnosed with at least one NCD. A significant association was observed between a high BMI and the likelihood of developing NCDs (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.1, P < 0.01). Poor dietary habits, particularly a high intake of processed foods, were prevalent in 62% of participants and were strongly correlated with NCD prevalence (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5, P < 0.05). Physical inactivity was reported by 55% of participants, further correlating with increased NCD risk (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2, P = 0.03). Smoking and alcohol consumption were also identified as significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: Interventions focusing on improving access to affordable healthy foods, promoting physical activity, and providing smoking and alcohol cessation support could play a crucial role in reducing NCD prevalence in these communities.