Abstract
Synaptic zinc ion (Zn(2+)) has emerged as a key neuromodulator in the brain. However, the lack of research tools for directly tracking synaptic Zn(2+) in the brain of awake animals hinders our rigorous understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of synaptic Zn(2+). In this study, we developed a genetically encoded far-red fluorescent indicator for monitoring synaptic Zn(2+) dynamics in the nervous system. Our engineered far-red fluorescent indicator for synaptic Zn(2+) (FRISZ) displayed a substantial Zn(2+)-specific turn-on response and low-micromolar affinity. We genetically anchored FRISZ to the mammalian extracellular membrane via a transmembrane (TM) ⍺ helix and characterized the resultant FRISZ-TM construct at the mammalian cell surface. We used FRISZ-TM to image synaptic Zn(2+) in the auditory cortex in acute brain slices and awake mice in response to electric and sound stimuli, respectively. Thus, this study establishes a technology for studying the roles of synaptic Zn(2+) in the nervous system.