Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In offspring of parents with bipolar or major depressive disorder, we examined the longitudinal association between parents' and youths' ratings of family conflict and criticism and youths' levels of impulsive aggression during a 6-month randomized trial of family intervention. METHOD: Following a diagnostic evaluation, we offered adolescents (aged 13-19 years) and parents with mood disorders a 12-session, 18-week protocol of family-focused therapy, with random assignment to mobile applications that enabled mood tracking or encouraged practice of mood management and family communication skills, also with mood tracking. At pretreatment, 9 weeks, 18 weeks (posttreatment), and 27 weeks, parents completed measures of adolescent aggression and irritability, and parents/adolescents completed measures of dyadic conflict and perceived criticism. RESULTS: Parent- and youth-rated dyadic conflict scores and perceived criticism ratings were concurrently associated with youths' composite aggression scores across the 4 timepoints. In lagged association analyses, parent-rated dyadic conflict scores in 1 9-week study interval predicted youths' aggression scores in subsequent 9-week intervals (F (1,109) = 7.36, p = .008). In contrast, youths' aggression scores in 1 interval predicted youths' ratings of dyadic conflict in subsequent intervals (F (1,107) = 8.16, p = .005). Levels of family conflict, perceived criticism, and youth aggression decreased over 6 months in both mobile app conditions. CONCLUSION: In offspring of parents with mood disorders, levels of family conflict, criticism, and adolescent aggression are intercorrelated over time and suggest bidirectional, mutually influential processes within families. Aggression and its precipitants within family interactions should be a focus of interventions for youths with or at risk for mood disorders. CLINICAL GUIDANCE: • In adolescent offspring of parents with mood disorders, levels of family conflict, adolescents' perceptions of criticism, and aggression are intercorrelated over time.• A 12-session course of family-focused therapy may positively impact these family processes.• Mobile applications that emphasize mood tracking and family communication skills may enhance telehealth-based family interventions by encouraging skill practice between sessions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Technology Enhanced Family Treatment; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT03913013. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT: We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.