Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and cytokines, are important therapies for various pathophysiological conditions such as oncology, autoimmune disorders, and viral infections. However, the wide application of such protein therapeutics is often hindered by dose-limiting toxicities and adverse effects, namely, cytokine storm syndrome, organ failure, and others. Therefore, spatiotemporal control of the activities of these proteins is crucial to further expand their application. Here, we report the design and application of small-molecule-controlled switchable protein therapeutics by taking advantage of a previously engineered OFF-switch system. We used the Rosetta modeling suite to computationally optimize the affinity between B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and a previously developed computationally designed protein partner (LD3) to obtain a fast and efficient heterodimer disruption upon the addition of a competing drug (Venetoclax). The incorporation of the engineered OFF-switch system into anti-CTLA4, anti-HER2 antibodies, or an Fc-fused IL-15 cytokine demonstrated an efficient disruption in vitro, as well as fast clearance in vivo upon the addition of the competing drug Venetoclax. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the rational design of controllable biologics by introducing a drug-induced OFF-switch into existing protein-based therapeutics.