Conclusion
These results are relevant for understanding how tumor progression occurs and how immune cells can help in this process.
Discussion
Neutrophils have shown to play an important role in tumor malignancy especially in advanced 3D tumor model and Balb/c nude mice experiments, implying a time- and neutrophil concentration-dependent modulation. Studying the tumor energetic metabolism indicated a mitochondria mismatch shaping the TME secretome. The given data suggests a cytokine milieu in patients with GB that favors the recruitment of neutrophils, sustaining an anti-inflammatory profile which is associated with poor prognosis. Besides, glioma-neutrophil crosstalk has sustained a tumor prolonged activation via NETs formation, indicating the role of NFκB signaling in tumor progression. Moreover, clinical samples have indicated that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), IL-1β, and IL-10 are associated with poor outcomes in patients with GB. Conclusion: These results are relevant for understanding how tumor progression occurs and how immune cells can help in this process.
Methods
Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate the existence of bidirectional GB and neutrophil communication, directly promoting an immunosuppressive TME.