Abstract
RATIONALE: This is a case of metastatic leiomyosarcoma (LMS) lesion of the condyle arising from a primary LMS of the uterus in a 43-year-old woman. PATIENT CONCERN: The patient presented an uncommon clinical manifestation not justified by the presence of a leiomyoma. DIAGNOSIS: The diagnostic process revealed that the patient was affected by uterine LMS, previously misdiagnosed as a leiomyoma, with a secondary metastasis of the left temporomandibular joint condyle. TREATMENT: Surgery was proposed with total excision of the lesion and parotidectomy, together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy. OUTCOME: One month after the start of the treatment, the systemic condition of the patient started to quickly worsen, and she passed away due to complications associated with the disease. TAKE-AWAY LESSONS: Given the uncommon clinical scenario that the patient presented, guidelines for temporomandibular disorder should also include better indications on how to screen and intercept such possible life-threatening conditions.