Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exogenous pretreatment of oxidative stress on callus cultures of Bellis perennis L. (common daisy) induced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total phenolic, total flavonoid, total protein and selected commercial phenolic compounds production and accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The callus culture obtained from B. perennis pedicel explants was incubated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 10 mM H(2)O(2) or 0 mM H(2)O(2) (for control group) for 10 hours. Twenty phenolic compounds (apigenin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, genistein, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, procyanidin-C1, quercetin, rutin hydrate, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, hesperedin, naringenin, rosmarinic acid and isorhamnetin) were detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in methanolic extracts of 10 mM H(2)O(2) and control treatments. RESULTS: A predominant phenolic compound was chlorogenic acid followed by rutin hydrate, caffeic acid, luteoline, isorhamnetin, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin, p-coumaric acid and kaempferol. No gallic acid, genistein, procyanidin-C1, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, hesperidin and naringenin were detected in H(2)O(2) treatment and control groups of B. perennis. The total phenolic contents estimated were in the order of H(2)O(2) treatment (285.36 μg/g dw) and control (220.79 μg/g dw) groups. The biosynthesis and accumulation of kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were only determined in H(2)O(2) treatment callus materials. The H(2)O(2) pretreatment clearly showed in a raise in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. Finally, a significant positive correlation between phenolic accumulation and comprehensive activities of CAT, SOD, total phenolic, total flavonoid and proline was accessible. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that using H(2)O(2) as an elicitor or a stimulant plays a significant enhancement role in special phenolic molecules biosynthesis and activation of antioxidant metabolism on callus cultures of B. perennis.