Abstract
Evidence indicates that the neuropeptide substance P (SP) can act through neurokinin receptors to alter sleep and/or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow-wave activity. Consequently, drugs acting on SP receptors could potentially be used as a novel treatment for sleep-related disorders. In the present study, we used SP conjugated with cholera toxin A subunit (SP-CTA), which enhances its duration of activity on SP receptor-expressing cells, to determine the effects of selectively activating SP receptor-expressing brain cells on sleep regulation in mice. Herein, we found that intracerebroventricular administration of SP-CTA enhanced amounts of NREM sleep which was highly fragmented. This result suggests that the activation of SP receptor-expressing cells in the brain can produce not only arousal effects as shown in previous studies but also sleep-inducing effects.