Abstract
Although pulmonary complications are frequent in patients suffering from hematological diseases, secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a very rare complication of myelofibrosis. We describe the case of a 65-year-old male patient treated by Ruxolitinib for myelofibrosis who developed a secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicated by a Mycobacterium avium infection. We believe that this respiratory complication might be related to the myelofibrosis and to the initiation of the Ruxolitinib according to its temporal relationship. Pulmonologists should be aware that respiratory symptoms in myelofibrosis patients taking Ruxolitinib may be related to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.