Spontaneous neonatal renal vein thrombosis, a known pathology without clear management guidelines: An overview

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) was first described in 1837 by Rayer. Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the comprehension of its pathophysiology, its management remains controversial over 20 decades later. Therapeutic modalities vary from supportive measures alone to the utilization of thrombolytic agents whose protocols are derived from adult medicine. This review aims to show how difficult the treatment of RVT still is, especially with regard to the prognosis. The majority of affected neonates end with various renal complications (renal atrophy, dysfunction, hypertension, etc.). Like others, we suggest that simple unilateral RVT be managed conservatively, while thrombolytic agents may be attempted in unilateral RVT with extension to VCI and in bilateral RVT. Further studies are needed to reach appropriate consensual guidelines.