Abstract
Porous materials, from macroscopic bulk materials (MBs) with (sub-)millimeter-scale pores to tiny particles (TPs) with (sub-)nanometer-scale pores, have attracted ever-growing interest in various fields. However, the integration of multi-scale pores in one composite is promising but challenging, owing to the considerable gap in the scale of the pores. Inspired by blood coagulation, a fibrin-based dynamic bridging strategy is developed to fabricate a multiscale-assembled hierarchical porous material (MHPM), in which fibrin formed as the sub-framework for the weaving-narrow of MBs and the enwinding-load of TPs. The bio-polymerization nature makes the fabrication rapid, facile, and universal for the customizable integration of seven kinds of TPs and four kinds of MBs. Besides, the integration is controllable with high load capacity of TPs and is stable against external shock forces. The unique multi-level structure endows the MHPM with large and accessible surface area, and efficient mass transfer pathways, synergistically leading to high adsorption capacity and rapid kinetics in multiple adsorption models. This work suggests a strategy for the rational multi-level design and fabrication of hierarchical porous architectures.