Abstract
Membrane currents of intact oocytes and early embryos of the mouse and the hamster were analysed with voltage-clamp techniques. In both mouse and hamster the amplitude of Ca inward currents decreased with time during early development, and they were undetectable by the 8-cell stage, while the threshold potential, alkaline earth cation selectivity, and activation-inactivation kinetics remained unchanged. The reduction of Ca currents was further confirmed in the 2-cell embryo whose cleavage was arrested with use of cytochalasin D, but the process was slightly delayed by comparison with that of the intact embryo. Early differentiation of cytochalasin-D-treated embryos was comparable to that of the intact embryo in terms of intercellular couplings and intercellular fluid accumulation. But these processes were also delayed as in the case of Ca current reduction. The outward current in the hamster embryo which was reflected in the resting membrane conductance began to increase abruptly after the 2-cell stage and seemed to reach the maximum at the end of the 4-cell or 8-cell stage. The increase apparently occurred reciprocally with the decrease in Ca inward current. A similar but much smaller increase in resting membrane conductance also occurred in the cleavage-arrested mouse 2-cell embryo almost at the same development stage at which the abolition of Ca current was found. The possibility is discussed that Ca channels have a role in cell differentiation in early murine embryos.