Abstract
The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and other psychological comorbidities among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly exceeds that of the general population. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship exists between psychological comorbidities and IBD. This intricate interplay has substantial clinical implications, impacting treatment adherence, therapeutic efficacy, and disease recurrence rates. In this review, we explore the multifaceted mechanisms through which psychological factors influence IBD progression, treatment response, and prognosis. Specifically, we delve into the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, enteric nervous system, microbiota-gut-brain axis, systemic inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell function. Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of antidepressant therapy in mitigating IBD risk and the role of psychotropic drugs in reducing peripheral inflammation. Recognizing and addressing psychological comorbidity is pivotal in comprehensive IBD management. We advocate for the integration of biopsychosocial approaches into IBD treatment strategies, emphasizing the need for innovative psychological interventions as adjuncts to conventional therapies. Rigorous research investigating the impact of antidepressants and behavioral interventions on IBD-specific outcomes may herald a paradigm shift in IBD management.