Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. Chronic abdominal pain represents the hallmark IBS symptom and is reported to have the most bothersome impact on the patient's quality of life. Unfortunately, effective therapeutic strategies reducing abdominal pain are lacking, mainly attributed to a limited understanding of the contributing mechanisms. In the past few years, exciting new insights have pointed out that altered communication between gut immune cells and pain-sensing nerves acts as a hallmark driver of IBS-related abdominal pain. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on altered neuro-immune crosstalk as the main driver of altered pain signaling, with a specific focus on altered mast cell functioning herein, and highlight the relevance of targeting mast cell-mediated mechanisms as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic abdominal pain in IBS patients.