Abstract
Although protein nanoparticles (PNPs) (e.g., viral capsids) capable of delivering a broad range of drug agents have shown distinctive advantages over synthetic nanomaterials, PNPs have an intrinsic drawback that hampers their clinical application, that is, potential immunogenicity. Here, a novel method for resolving the immunogenicity problem of PNPs, which is based on the genetic presentation of albumin-binding peptides (ABPs) on the surface of PNP, is reported. ABPs are inserted into the surface of a viral capsid (hepatitis B virus capsid/HBVC) while preserving the native self-assembly function of HBVC. The ABPs effectively gather human serum albumins around HBVC and significantly reduce both inflammatory response and immunoglobulin titer in live mice compared to ABP-free HBVC. Furthermore, ABP-conjugated HBVCs remain within tumors for a longer period than HBVCs conjugated to tumor cell receptor-bindingpeptides, indicating that the ABPs are also capable of enhancing tumor-targeting performance. Although applied to HBVC for proof of concept, this novel approach may provide a general platform for resolving immunogenicity and cancer-targeting problems of PNPs, which enables the development of a variety of PNP-based drug delivery carriers with high safety and efficacy.