Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are well-known for their benefits in managing obesity and diabetes. However, some studies indicate that they may elevate the risk of thyroid cancer. This study employed summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis, incorporating genetic data from GTEx V.8 and the UK Biobank, to assess how increased GLP-1R gene expression in thyroid and parathyroid tissues affects their functions. We found that increased expression of GLP-1R is a risk factor for hyperparathyroidism, but no causal relationship was found with thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we advise routine assessments of parathyroid function and hormone levels for patients on GLP-1R agonists. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01567-y.