Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that targets pancreatic beta cells, causing insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Unfortunately, till now, no conclusive treatment has been established for the entire treatment of T1DM. Today, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine. MSCs have several advantages, including easy access, strong proliferation ability, differentiation power, minimal risk of tumorigenesis, and low risk of immunogenicity. However, there have been few clinical trials using MSC implants to treat T1DM. In this paper, we look at clinical trials using MSCs to treat T1DM and analyze the benefits and limitations of this approach. To collect crucial data, a comprehensive search was undertaken on articles published between 2015 and 2024. The search involved PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases. All MeSH words related to mesenchymal stem cells, clinical trials, and type 1 diabetes mellitus were searched. Relevant studies with full access, authored in English from 2015 to 2024, were selected. Ultimately, eleven papers that met the predetermined criteria underwent a comprehensive analysis. This systematic review reveals that MSC treatment is an acceptable treatment option for T1DM, with a positive safety profile observed in the evaluated research. The analyzed findings suggest potential benefits in sustaining beta-cell function and modifying the immunological response, which could lead to a decrease in insulin requirement. However, it remains to be proven as an alternative for insulin administration, and more detailed clinical research is necessary to verify its enduring effectiveness and reliability.