Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to their less active dihydroxy derivatives. Because EETs have antiinflammatory properties, we determined whether or not inhibition of sEH attenuates disease development in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in rats. METHODS: sEH inhibition was achieved using 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (25 mg/l) and cis- 4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (5 mg/l) administered via drinking water starting 3 days prior to monocrotaline injection (60 mg/kg). RESULTS: Monocrotaline induced the development of progressive pulmonary hypertension. sEH inhibition increased the plasma ratio of EETs to DHETs and attenuated the monocrotaline-induced increase in pulmonary artery medial wall thickness as well as the degree of vascular muscularization. Moreover, right ventricular pressure was significantly lower in the group treated with sEH inhibitors. Pulmonary sEH protein expression and sEH activity, as well as pulmonary cytochrome P450 epoxygenase activity were all impaired in monocrotaline-treated rats as compared with control animals. sEH inhibitors, however, increased the plasma ratio of EETs to dihydroxy epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Monocrotaline induced the proliferation of pulmonary endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo as determined by 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-Uridine incorporation, and this effect was significantly blunted in animals treated with sEH inhibitors. Proliferation of cultured pulmonary smooth muscle cell, however, was not affected by EETs or sEH inhibitors suggesting that the in-vivo effects are a consequence of a direct EET-mediated protection against the inflammation induced by monocrotaline. CONCLUSION: sEH inhibition reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension in the monocrotaline model of primary pulmonary hypertension in rats.