Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are significant drivers of many diseases, including cancer, and are established targets for drug development. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous MMP inhibitors and are being pursued for the development of anti-MMP therapeutics. TIMPs possess many attractive properties for drug candidates, such as complete MMP inhibition, low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and high tissue permeability. However, a major challenge with TIMPs is their rapid clearance from the bloodstream due to their small size. This study explores a method for extending the plasma half-life of the N-terminal domain of TIMP2 (N-TIMP2) by appending it with a long, intrinsically unfolded tail containing Pro, Ala, and Thr (PATylation). We designed and produced two PATylated N-TIMP2 constructs with tail lengths of 100 and 200 amino acids (N-TIMP2-PAT100 and N-TIMP2-PAT200). Both constructs demonstrated higher apparent molecular weights and retained high inhibitory activity against MMP-9. N-TIMP2-PAT200 significantly increased plasma half-life in mice compared to the non-PATylated variant, enhancing its therapeutic potential. PATylation offers distinct advantages for half-life extension, such as fully genetic encoding, monodispersion, and biodegradability. It can be easily applied to N-TIMP2 variants engineered for high affinity and selectivity toward individual MMPs, creating promising candidates for drug development against MMP-related diseases.