Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response protein 4 (Par-4) also known as PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator is a tumor suppressor that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, its post-translational regulation by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and the cellular machinery that is responsible for its proteasomal degradation are unknown. Using immunopurification and an unbiased mass spectrometry-based approach, we show that Par-4 interacts with the SPRY-domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo45 through a short consensus sequence motif. Fbxo45 interacts with Par-4 in the cytoplasm and mediates its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Fbxo45 silencing results in stabilization of Par-4 with increased apoptosis. Importantly, a Par-4 mutant that is unable to bind Fbxo45 is stabilized and further enhances staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Co-expression of Fbxo45 with Par-4 protects cancer cells against Par-4-induced apoptosis. Our studies reveal that Fbxo45 is the substrate-receptor subunit of a functional E3 ligase for Par-4 that has a critical role in cancer cell survival.