Abstract
Lamb diarrhea is primarily induced by bacterial infections, causing great economic and health challenges. Traditional antibiotic treatments raise concerns over drug resistance and environmental contamination. We explored the therapeutic potential of a compound extract from Dracocephalum rupestre Hance and Berberidis Radix against Salmonella-induced diarrhea in lamb. Twenty-five five-week-old Kunming mice (20 ± 5 g) were used. A controlled laboratory experiment, combing histological examinations, serum cytokine level analysis, gut microbiota composition analysis, and short-chain fatty acid quantification were conducted. Results demonstrated significant reparative effects on intestinal mucosal damage of the compound. Compound treatment notably reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, sigA, and TNF-α), indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. Gene expression analysis of mucosal repair markers (PCNA, TGF, and EGFR) confirmed the positive impacts on intestinal recovery processes after treatment. Microbiota analysis revealed concentration-dependent alterations in gut microbial composition, with a notable increase in beneficial bacterial genera such as Muribaculum and Prevotella, suggesting the role of the compound in promoting gut health. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid analysis indicated an increase in beneficial acids, which are critical for the gut and overall health. This investigation highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of Dracocephalum rupestre Hance combining Berberidis Radix in lamb with Salmonella-induced diarrhea.