Abstract
We detected hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 26 adolescents co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) with neurological disease and studied compartmentalization of HBV in the CSF. More than half of the subjects with positive HBV DNA plasma also had CSF positive for HBV. CSF HBV DNA was found in subjects with preserved blood-brain barrier integrity. In a subgroup of these subjects, compartmentalized evolution of HBV was demonstrated by distinct profiles of resistance mutations. Future studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of HBV presence in the CSF and its contribution to HIV-associated neurological disease.