Abstract
PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between vitamin D (VitD) deficiency and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (apo B/A1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective study that lasted 2 years and 6 months, collecting information and laboratory data from 784 patients with T2DM. Patients were divided into VitD deficiency group (n = 433) and non-VitD deficiency group (n = 351) based on VitD levels. Calculated apo B/A1 ratio, and patients were further divided into high-apo B/A1 group (n = 392) and low-apo B/A1 group (n = 392) based on the median of the apo B/A1. All data were analyzed using Prism 8.0.1 and R version 4.3.1 software. RESULTS: Apo B/A1 levels of T2DM patients combined with VitD deficiency was significantly higher than that of non-VitD deficiency patients, and the VitD levels of patients with high apo B/A1 was significantly lower than that patients with low apo B/A1 (all P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that VitD levels were negatively correlated with apo B/A1 (r=-0.238, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed after adjusting other factors, VitD levels were significantly negatively associated with apo B/A1 (β=-0.123, P=0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed apoB/A1 was an independent risk factor for VitD deficiency in T2DM patients. Restrictive cubic spline indicated a significant linear relationship between apoB/A1 and VitD deficiency (P general trend <0.0001, P nonlinear = 0.0896), after stratification of gender, the results showed that apo B/A1 was more susceptible to VitD deficiency in female patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of the apo B/A1 for VitD deficiency were 0.654, 66.3% and 59.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The apo B/A1 was significantly negatively associated with VitD levels and an independent risk factor for VitD deficiency in patients with T2DM.