Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To identify the type, frequency, and consequences of seizures while driving (SzWD) in people with epilepsy before diagnosis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Human Epilepsy Project (HEP) to identify prediagnostic SzWD. Clinical descriptions from seizure diaries and medical records were used to classify seizure types and frequencies, time to diagnosis, and SzWD outcomes. Data were modeled using multiple logistic regression to assess for factors independently associated with SzWD. RESULTS: 32 prediagnostic SzWD were reported among 23/447 (5.1%) participants. Of them, 7 (30.4%) had more than 1. Six participants (26.1%) experienced SzWD as their first lifetime seizure. Most SzWD were focal with impaired awareness (n = 27, 84.4%). Of participants who had motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), 6 (42.9%) had no recollection. SzWD led to hospitalization in 11 people. The median time from first seizure to first SzWD was 304 days (IQR = 0-4,056 days). The median time between first SzWD and diagnosis was 64 days (IQR = 10-176.5 days). Employment was associated with a 3.95-fold increased risk of SzWD (95% CI 1.2-13.2, p = 0.03), and nonmotor seizures were associated with a 4.79-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.3-17.6, p = 0.02). DISCUSSION: This study identifies the consequences of seizure-related MVAs and hospitalizations people experience before epilepsy diagnosis. This highlights the need for further research aimed at improving seizure awareness and improving time to diagnosis.