Abstract
A broad spectrum of pathology affects the rectum, anus, and perineum and understanding of its relevant anatomy is important in accurate reporting, particularly in rectal cancer. In this pictorial essay, correlative imaging, endoscopic, pathologic, and operative images are presented to illustrate normal anorectal anatomy and neoplastic conditions that affect the anus and rectum. A particular case-based focus is given to rectal adenocarcinoma with pelvic MR and surgical histopathology. Additionally, carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, condylomata acuminata, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and metastatic disease about the rectum and anus are reviewed.