Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are generally considered as benign and relatively rare mesenchymal gastrointestinal tract tumors. IFPs can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract but are most prevalent in the stomach, particularly in the gastric antrum. With a low incidence in clinical practice and a lack of distinct endoscopic features, the preoperative diagnosis rate of IFP is disappointingly low, often leading to missed diagnoses or misdiagnoses. CASE SUMMARY: A 43-year-old man, hospitalized with abdominal pain and distension, underwent his first gastroscopy in 2020, which revealed chronic superficial erosive gastritis. From 2021 to 2022, his condition progressed from antral ulcers to a 2.0 cm gastric antrum bulge of an unclear nature. After proton pump inhibitor treatment, the lesion shrank but did not heal completely. Following a thorough assessment using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, gastric-enhanced computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed on the identified lesion. A subsequent postoperative pathological examination conclusively diagnosed the lesion as an IFP. At 6 months follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was observed, with good mucosal scar healing. CONCLUSION: Through using multiple diagnostic and therapeutic test results, an IFP with an unusual morphology could be identified.