Abstract
BACKGROUND: Naldemedine (S-297995) is a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist developed as a once-daily oral drug for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adults with chronic noncancer or cancer pain. This study characterized the pharmacological effects of naldemedine in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The binding affinity and antagonist activity of naldemedine against recombinant human μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors were assayed in vitro. Pharmacologic effects of naldemedine were investigated using animal models of morphine-induced inhibition of small and large intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhea, antinociception, and morphine withdrawal. KEY RESULTS: Naldemedine showed potent binding affinity and antagonist activities for recombinant human μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors. Naldemedine significantly reduced opioid-induced inhibition of small intestinal transit (0.03-10 mg kg(-1) ; P < 0.05) and large intestinal transit (0.3-1 μmol L(-1) ; P < 0.05). Naldemedine (0.03-1 mg kg(-1) ) pretreatment significantly reversed the inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea by subcutaneous morphine (P < 0.01). Naldemedine (1-30 mg kg(-1) ) pretreatment (1 or 2 hours) did not alter the analgesic effects of morphine in a model measuring the latency of a rat to flick its tail following thermal stimulation. However, a significant delayed reduction of the analgesic effect of morphine was seen with higher doses of naldemedine (10-30 mg kg(-1) ). Some centrally mediated and peripherally mediated withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats were seen with naldemedine doses ≥3 and ≥0.3 mg kg(-1) , respectively. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Naldemedine displayed potent binding affinity to, and antagonistic activity against, μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors. Naldemedine tempered OIC in vivo without compromising opioid analgesia.