Abstract
Timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial for patients with Gram-negative (GN) blood stream infections. In this study, the performance of VITEK REVEAL (bioMérieux, USA), an FDA cleared in vitro diagnostic automated system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) directly from positive blood culture (BC), was compared to that of Accelerate Pheno (Accelerate Diagnostics, USA), as standard of care method. 128 GN positive BCs were analyzed according to manufacturer recommendations, comparing time to result (TTR) and AST results. The categorical agreement (CA) rate between VITEK REVEAL and Accelerate Pheno was 94.3% and the essential agreement (EA) rate was 96.0%. Very major discrepancies (VMD), major discrepancies (MD), and minor discrepancies (miD) rates between the systems were 7.5%, 0.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. Lastly, we observed a mean sequential TTR (reporting of AST results per antibiotic in real-time) on VITEK REVEAL of 6.1 h (3.0-8.2) and mean final TTR of 7.9 h (6.5-8.2), compared to Accelerate Pheno, with a significantly shorter mean final TTR of 7.1 h (6.8-7.7). Sequential TTR on VITEK REVEAL was significantly shorter for resistant isolates (those with ≥1 'Resistant' antimicrobial-organism combination interpretation, using FDA STIC 2024 or CLSI M100 criteria) compared to susceptible/intermediate ones, with a mean difference of 1.4 h (P < 0.001). Overall, compared to Accelerate Pheno, VITEK REVEAL displayed high %CA and %EA for AST of GN bacteria directly from positive BC. Also, unlike Accelerate Pheno, VITEK REVEAL reports MIC results in real time, allowing an earlier release of actionable information useful for antimicrobial stewardship. IMPORTANCE: Previous studies have compared the performance of the VITEK REVEAL, system for fast antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to conventional, non-rapid microbiology methods. To evaluate how the VITEK REVEAL correlates to similarly available fast, direct-from-blood culture AST technologies, this study aimed to compare it to the Accelerate Pheno system, as standard of care method. High categorical agreement (94.3%) and essential agreement (96.0%) between the two systems were observed, underscoring their reliability. The VITEK REVEAL has the advantage of real-time AST reporting, unlike the Accelerate Pheno. Ultimately, this study supports the need for and continued optimization of fast diagnostic technologies for AST, contributing to the goal of advancing antimicrobial stewardship-focused treatment strategies and improving the prognosis of patients with bloodstream infections.