Adenoviral infection presenting as an isolated central nervous system disease without detectable viremia in two children after stem cell transplantation

We report two cases of adenoviral meningoencephalitis in children following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These cases showed four similarities: isolated neurological involvement, infiltrating hyperintensities next to the third ventricle on the cerebral magnetic resonance image, the absence of concomitant detectable adenoviral viremia, and a severe clinical outcome.