Abstract
The cytotoxicity of the topoisomerase I inhibitors, camptothecin and topotecan, toward exponentially growing EMT-6 murine mammary carcinoma cells under various conditions of oxygenation, pH and temperature was assessed. Under normal pH (pH 7.40) conditions both camptothecin and topotecan were more cytotoxic toward normally oxygenated cells. Both agents were more cytotoxic under acidic pH (pH 6.45) and the differential in cytotoxicity due to the cellular oxygenation level disappeared. Neither camptothecin nor topotecan was enhanced in cytotoxicity by hyperthermia (42 degrees C or 43 degrees C, 60 min) during drug exposure. Both camptothecin and topotecan killed increasing numbers of FSaIIC tumor cells with increasing dose of the drugs in vivo in a log/linear manner. Local hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 30 min) increased the tumor cell killing of the drugs but decreased the toxicity of these agents to the bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage-colony-forming units. Topotecan was a more effective modulator of cisplatin than was camptothecin, as determined by FSaIIC tumor cell survival assay and by FSaIIC tumor growth delay. Although both camptothecin and topotecan were effective additions to a treatment regimen including cisplatin and daily fractionated radiation (5 x 3Gy), neither of these topoisomerase I inhibitors increased the tumor growth delay produced by the trimodality regimen of cisplatin/hyperthermia/radiation.