Abstract
Radiation molecularly transforms naturally occurring products by inducing the methoxylation, hydroxylation, and alkylation of parent compounds, thereby affecting the anti-inflammatory capacities of those compounds. Minaprine (1) modified by ionizing radiation generated the novel hydroxymethylation hydropyridazine (2), and its chemical structure was determined based on NMR and HRESIMS spectra. Compared to the original minaprine, the novel generated product showed a highly enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and DH82 macrophage cells. In addition, minaprinol (2) effectively inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) at the protein level and pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10) production in macrophages.