Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vinpocetine (VNP), a semisynthetic natural product, is used as a vasodilator for cerebrovascular and age-related memory disorders. VNP suffers from low oral bioavailability owing to its low water solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism. This work aimed at utilizing D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) to develop efficient micellar system for transdermal delivery of VNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VNP-TPGS-ALA micelles were prepared, characterized for particle size using particle size analyzer, and investigated for structure using transmission electron microscope. Optimization of VNP-TPGS-ALA micelles-loaded transdermal films was performed using Box-Behnken experimental design. The investigated factors were percentage of ALA in TPGS (X(1)), citral concentration (X(2)), and propylene glycol concentration (X(3)). Elongation percent (Y(1)), initial permeation after 2 hours (Y(2)), and cumulative permeation after 24 hours (Y(3)) were studied as responses. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed optimum levels of 16.62%, 3%, and 2.18% for X(1), X(2), and X(3), respectively. Fluorescent laser microscopic visualization of skin penetration of the optimized transdermal film revealed marked widespread fluorescence intensity in skin tissue after 0.5, 2, and 4 hours compared with raw VNP transdermal film formulation, which indicated enhancement of VNP skin penetration. CONCLUSION: The obtained results highlighted the potentiality of VNP nanostructure-based films for controlling the transdermal permeation of the drug and improving its effectiveness.